Understanding Dementia: Signs and Symptoms

Dementia is a condition that affects the brain, leading to a decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning skills. Since the signs and symptoms can vary greatly from person to person, its essential to recognise them early, as timely intervention can help improve the quality of life for those affected.

Early Signs of Dementia

Dementia often begins gradually, with symptoms becoming more noticeable over time. Early signs may include:

Memory Loss: Forgetting recent events or information, such as appointments or conversations, is common in the early stages. While occasional forgetfulness is normal, frequent memory lapses can be a sign of dementia.

Difficulty with Daily Tasks: People with dementia may struggle to complete familiar tasks, such as cooking, driving, or managing finances. They might also have trouble following instructions or finding their way in familiar places.

Confusion with Time and Place: Individuals may lose track of dates, seasons, or the passage of time. They might forget where they are or how they got there.

Trouble with Words: Difficulty finding the right words, following or joining conversations, or repeating oneself are common symptoms. A person might also struggle to understand what others are saying.

Poor Judgment: Decision-making and judgment can be affected, leading to inappropriate behaviour, poor financial choices, or neglect of personal hygiene.

Mood and Personality Changes: Depression, anxiety, or sudden mood swings can occur. A person might become easily upset, withdrawn, or lose interest in activities they once enjoyed.

Withdrawal from Social Activities: People with dementia may avoid social situations or hobbies they once loved due to the challenges they face in interacting with others.

Progression of Dementia

As dementia progresses, the symptoms become more severe. Some additional signs include:

Increased Memory Loss: Individuals may forget important details, such as names of family members, and may repeat questions or stories.

Greater Difficulty with Communication: They may struggle to form complete sentences or may use inappropriate words, making communication increasingly challenging.

Physical Symptoms: Coordination and movement may decline, leading to difficulty walking, balancing, or completing everyday tasks like dressing or eating.

Behavioural Changes: Agitation, restlessness, or aggression may occur. Individuals might also develop delusions or hallucinations.

 

 

When to Seek Help

If you notice these symptoms in yourself or a loved one, it’s important to seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage the condition and provide support for both the individual and their family.

How You Can Help

For families and caregivers, understanding the signs of dementia can make a big difference. Here are a few ways to offer support:

Be Patient: Understand that the person may be frustrated or confused. Approach them with kindness and patience.

Create a Safe Environment: Simplify surroundings and routines to help the person feel more comfortable and secure.

Stay Connected: Encourage social interaction and physical activity to help maintain a sense of normalcy and engagement.

Seek Support: Don’t hesitate to reach out to healthcare professionals, support groups, or community resources for additional help.

Dementia is a challenging condition, but with awareness and understanding, we can help those affected live with dignity and support them every step of the way.

“Recognising and understanding the early signs of Dementia is often challenging as they overlap with elements considered to be part of the ‘normal ageing process’. They are often subtle however crucial in early detection to provide the right supports to individuals and their loved ones,” said Shey Papanikolaou, General Manager Clinical Leadership at Mercy Health. “Navigating the journey often requires patience, empathy, adaptability and resilience as the journey will be unique for everyone. In our Memory Support Units at Mercy Heath, we offer tailored activities, including one-on-one support with pastoral care, carers, and lifestyle staff, group activities, and entertainment. We also provide therapeutic options like doll therapy, music, gardening, wayfinding signs, and Montessori activities. Family involvement is encouraged, and residents can join bus trips, art classes, and events like concerts and happy hours.”

If you or a loved one needs advice or support the National Dementia Helpline, 1800 100 500, is a great place to start for a free and confidential chat. They are open 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year.